An Adaptive Design Methodology for Reduction of Product Development Risk

Embedded systems interaction with environment inherently complicates understanding of requirements and their correct implementation. However, product uncertainty is highest during early stages of development. Design verification is an essential step in the development of any system, especially for Embedded System. This paper introduces a novel adaptive design methodology, which incorporates step-wise prototyping and verification. With each adaptive step product-realization level is enhanced while decreasing the level of product uncertainty, thereby reducing the overall costs. The back-bone of this frame-work is the development of Domain Specific Operational (DOP) Model and the associated Verification Instrumentation for Test and Evaluation, developed based on the DOP model. Together they generate functionally valid test-sequence for carrying out prototype evaluation. With the help of a case study 'Multimode Detection Subsystem' the application of this method is sketched. The design methodologies can be compared by defining and computing a generic performance criterion like Average design-cycle Risk. For the case study, by computing Average design-cycle Risk, it is shown that the adaptive method reduces the product development risk for a small increase in the total design cycle time.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure

Distributed Bioinformatics Computing System for DNA Sequence Analysis

This paper provides an effective design of computing technique of a distributed bioinformatics computing system for analysis of DNA sequences using OPTSDNA algorithm. This system could be used for disease detection, criminal forensic analysis, gene prediction, genetic system and protein analysis. Different types of distributed algorithms for the search and identification for DNA segments and repeat pattern in a given DNA sequence are developed. The search algorithm was developed to compute the number of DNA sequence which contains the same consecutive types of DNA segments. A distributed subsequence identifications algorithm was designed and implemented to detect the segment containing DNA sequences. Sequential and distributed implementation of these algorithms was executed with different length of search segments patterns and genetic sequences. OPTSDNA algorithm is used for storing various sizes of DNA sequence into database. DNA sequences of different lengths were tested by using this algorithm. These input DNA sequences varied in size from very small to very large. The performance of search technique distributed system is compared with sequential approach

FREQUENCY OF NASOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH RECURRENT EPISTAXIS

Objective: To determine the frequency of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in patients presenting with recurrent epistaxis. Study design: Cross sectional study. Duration and setting: This study was carried out from July 2017 to July 2018 at ENT, Head & Neck Surgery department, Khyber teaching hospital, Peshawar. Material and method: A total number of 93 patients were included in this study. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were collected from the outdoor patient department (OPD) of ENT, head and neck surgery, Khyber teaching hospital, Peshawar. Informed consent for participating in the study was taken from all patients. The patients’ biodata along with hospital registration number were entered on proforma. The patients were assessed initially by history and nasal endoscopic. CT scan nose and PNS with contrast was done and patient admitted and operated for the suspected nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Biopsy specimen was sent for histopathology to consultant histopathologist in the hospital’s pathology laboratory. Lab reports of the biopsy specimen showing histopathology of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were reviewed and data entered in the proforma. Results: Out of 93 patients, 32% patients were in age range 10-15 years, 68% patients were in age range 16-20 years. Mean age was 16 years with SD ± 1.26. Fifty seven percent patients had duration of symptoms <1 year while 43% patients had duration of symptoms > 1 year. The incidence of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma was 18%. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the incidence of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in our setup is 18% which can be due to the increasing number of Afghan refugees. Key words: nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, recurrent epistaxis

IEEE 802.16e Security Vulnerability : Analysis & Solution

Data security has become a major issue in most network protocols. For wireless system, security support is even more important to protect the users as well as the network. Due to this importance, different protocol were designed & deployed with network standards in order to add the security. The security sub layer of IEEE 802.16 employs an authenticated client/server key management protocol in which the B.S, the serve, control the distribution of keying materials to the client M.S. This paper analyzes the physical layer threat & MAC layer threat of WiMAX .First give an overview of security architecture of mobile WiMAX network, then investigate different security vulnerability & gives possible solution to overcome them. These lnerabilities are the possibilities to forge key messages in Multi- and Broadcast operation, some unauthenticated messages which are susceptible to forgery and the unencrypted management communication which reveal important management information. We modify DH key exchange protocol to fit it into mobile WiMAX network as well as eliminate existing weakness in original DH key exchange protocol. Also RSA & Elliptic curve Diffie Hellman key agreement algorithm are discuss which can be used to generate symmetric key between M.S & B.S. Several one way function are presented by using cryptography, which can be used to solve shared key vulnerability in Multi-&Broadcast service. We find the initial network procedure is not effectively secured that makes Manin- the-middle attacks & Denial of service attack possible

The role of left ventricular deformation in the assessment of microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial haemorrhage

In the setting of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), it remains unclear which strain parameter most strongly correlates with microvascular obstruction (MVO) or intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH). We aimed to investigate the association of MVO, IMH and convalescent left ventricular (LV) remodelling with strain parameters measured with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Forty-three patients with reperfused STEMI and 10 age and gender matched healthy controls underwent CMR within 3-days and at 3-months following reperfused STEMI. Cine, T2-weighted, T2*-imaging and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging were performed. Infarct size, MVO and IMH were quantified. Peak global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and their strain rates were derived by feature tracking analysis of LV short-axis, 4-chamber and 2-chamber cines. All 43 patients and ten controls completed the baseline scan and 34 patients completed 3-month scans. In multivariate regression, GLS demonstrated the strongest association with MVO or IMH (beta = 0.53, p 20%). Baseline GLS also demonstrated the strongest diagnostic performance in predicting adverse LV remodelling (AUC = 0.79; 95% CI 0.60–0.98; p = 0.03). Post-reperfused STEMI, baseline GLS was most closely associated with the presence of MVO or IMH. Baseline GLS was more strongly associated with adverse LV remodelling than other CMR parameters

Effects of pretreatments of Napier Grass with deionized water, sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide on pyrolysis oil characteristics

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves has led to increasing interest in liquid bio-fuel from renewable biomass. Biomass is a complex organic material consisting of different degrees of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives and minerals. Some of the mineral elements tend to retard conversions, yield and selectivity during pyrolysis processing. This study is focused on the extraction of mineral retardants from Napier grass using deionized water, dilute sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid and subsequent pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor. The raw biomass was characterized before and after each pretreatment following standard procedure. Pyrolysis study was conducted in a fixed bed reactor at 600 o�C, 30 �C/min and 30 mL/min N2 flow. Pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) collected was analyzed using standard analytic techniques. The bio-oil yield and characteristics from each pretreated sample were compared with oil from the non-pretreated sample. Bio-oil yield from the raw sample was 32.06 wt% compared to 38.71, 33.28 and 29.27 wt% oil yield recorded from the sample pretreated with sulfuric acid, deionized water and sodium hydroxide respectively. GC–MS analysis of the oil samples revealed that the oil from all the pretreated biomass had more value added chemicals and less ketones and aldehydes. Pretreatment with neutral solvent generated valuable leachate, showed significant impact on the ash extraction, pyrolysis oil yield, and its composition and therefore can be regarded as more appropriate for thermochemical conversion of Napier grass